What’s in a Name? Everything!

From someone who has had to spell his name for people all his life and had people misspell his name often (including family), I plead with parents-to-be . . .
Don’t. Do. It!
Right now you might think it’s cute and unique, but it can be a life of frustration for your child. It’s no fun. Trust me. Your name is the most important thing that identifies you.
My name is Dannie–just Dannie. Not Daniel or Danny! It’s to the point where I try to always use “Dan Brown” when I’m introducing myself to people for the first time in an email or text just so they are aware that I am a man and not a woman. Some people assume that because your name is spelled “Dannie,” you must be the female version of Danny–not this man! I was well into adulthood before I found another person–man or otherwise–whose name was spelled the same as mine.
My name was further complicated when my parents gave me the middle name of “Lee.” Sometimes when I sign my name as Dannie L. Brown, some people think my name is spelled Danniel Brown–uggh!
I recently saw a person’s name spelled as “Jaxsyn”–I presume/assume, and anything else you’d like to guess, that it’s a variation on “Jackson”–like, what’s wrong with “Jackson”? It also isn’t clear as to whether the child is male or female. Now, I know some people might name a girl “Jackson”, but it would be an anomaly on average.

I don’t think I’ve ever opened up publicly about my frustration about the spelling of my name, or should I say, the “misspelling” of my name, but this recent use of a strange spelling of a common name triggered it within me. I get parents wanting to give a child a unique name, but why unique spelling?

I’d love to hear from others who have had similar experiences to mine and who would also want to advise parents-to-be to “Don’t. Do. It.”

Christmas Carol History—12 Carols of Advent

Carol 12: Silent Night!

The final Advent Carol of this season, on this Christmas Eve, is the most beloved,

“Silent Night”.

It was written by Rev. Joseph Mohr—Catholic, (1792-1848) with English translation by John F. Young (1820-1885). The tune, “Stille Nacht” (German for Silent Night) was composed by Franz Gruber (1787-1863). Hawn (2014)[1] reported that the carol originally had 6 stanzas but we sing only stanzas 1, 6, and 2, in that order.

It was Christmas Eve, 1818. The Rev. Joseph Mohr was serving as assistant priest at the newly erected church of St. Nicholas in Obernorf, high in the beautiful Austrian Alps. Serving with Father Mohr was Franz Gruber , the village schoolmaster and church organist.

Faced with the dilemma of a Christmas service without music, Rev. Mohr sat down and wrote a poem to avoid disappointing his faithful congregation. Upon completing the text, he took his words to Franz Gruber who exclaimed when he saw the text, “Friend Mohr, you have found it—the right song—God be praised!” Gruber, working in the last remaining hours, created a rather simple, but very sweet melody. His simple but beautiful music blended perfectly with the spirit of Father Mohr’s words. That evening, the choir, accompanied by a single guitar, because the mice had chewed a hole in the bellows of the pump organ, sang the world’s premier performance of SILENT NIGHT. The hymn made a deep impact upon the parishioners, even as it has on succeeding generations. The passing of time seems only to have added to its appeal.

A while later, when the master organ builder came to repair the old instrument, he obtained a copy of the new hymn. Due mostly to his influence, the carol spread throughout the entire Tyrol region and became popular as a Tyrolean Folk Song. It was first published in a German hymnal in 1838 and was first heard in the United States in 1839. The English translation of John F. Young’s first appeared in 1863.[2] Young, an Episcopal priest serving mostly in Florida, U.S., was an accomplished musician with at least two volumes of hymns published.

Biblical Connection

Luke 2:11 serves as the foundation for this carol, “For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.” The awe and wonder of that blessed night are reflected in the words in stanza one, “Holy Infant, so tender and mild. Sleep in Heavenly peace.”

While it may not have been as quiet as the title suggests, due to a host of angels, mooing cows, bleating sheep, and an infant’s cry, the stillness came in the realization that God incarnate, Emmanuel, had been born.

The Carol

Silent Night

Silent night, holy night!
All is calm, all is bright.
Round yon Virgin, Mother and Child.
Holy infant so tender and mild,
Sleep in heavenly peace,
Sleep in heavenly peace.

Silent night, holy night!
Shepherds quake at the sight.
Glories stream from heaven afar
Heavenly hosts sing Alleluia,
Christ the Saviour is born!
Christ the Saviour is born!

Silent night, holy night!
Son of God love’s pure light.
Radiant beams from Thy holy face
With dawn of redeeming grace,
Jesus Lord, at Thy birth
Jesus Lord, at Thy birth.

Summary

2022 marks the 204th birthday of the immortal carol, SILENT NIGHT.

As you settle in your peaceful moment on Christmas Eve before the chaos of Christmas Day may you experience the “silent night” of the birth of Christ.

Oh yes, as long as there’s a Christmas, there will always be a SILENT NIGHT!


[1] Hawn, C.M. (2014). https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-silent-night-holy-night

[2] Osbeck, K.W. (1982). 101 Hymn Stories. Kregel Publications.

Christmas Carol History—12 Carols of Advent

Carol 11, Away in a Manger

The origins of this carol are shrouded in a lot of controversy. Some people refer to it as Luther’s (1483-1546) Cradle Hymn, yet there is no definitive evidence he wrote it. In fact, it is one of the Christmas carols that has more roots in the United States, than in Europe. It is suggested that its original two-stanza format may have originated among German Lutherans in Pennsylvania c. 1885.[1]  The third stanza by an unidentified author appeared in a publication in 1892 of the gospel composer Charles H. Gabriel (1856-1932).

There are two very popular tunes used for this carol, “Away in a Manger,” (arranged by James R, Murray) and “Cradle Song” (William J. Kirkpatrick), the former seeming to be the more popular with contemporary audiences.

Biblical Connection

The focus, “in a manger,” comes from Luke’s account of the birth in verse 7, “she gave birth to her firstborn, a son . . . and placed him in a manger.”

The controversy around this song continues with its content. There are a few fanciful imaginations about Christ’s birth depicted in this carol. For example, in stanza two it infers that Jesus specifically watches over little children from the sky, and specifically at night, when they might be in more danger.

The Carol

Away in a Manger

Away in a manger, no crib for a bed
The little Lord Jesus laid down his sweet head
The stars in the sky looked down where he lay
The little Lord Jesus, asleep on the hay.

The cattle are lowing, the Baby awakes
But little Lord Jesus, to crying He makes
I love You, Lord Jesus look down from the sky
And stay by my side until morning is nigh.

Be near me, Lord Jesus, I ask thee to stay
Close by me forever and love me I pray
Bless all the dear children In Thy tender care
And fit us for heaven to live with thee there.

Summary

Controversial or not due to origins and possibly questionable theology, “Away in a Manger” continues to be one of our favourite Christmas carols, sung every Christmas by young and old alike. My prayer for you this Christmas is that you will contemplate the birth of a little baby, placed in a manger of hay, who became the Saviour of the world.


[1] https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-away-in-a-manger

Christmas Carol History—12 Carols of Advent

Carol 10: What Child is This?

This carol was written by William C. Dix (1837-1898), a businessman in Bristol, England who was dedicated to his local Anglican church. He wrote enough hymns that allowed him to publish at least three different volumes. One historian referred to many of Dix’s hymns as “horribly sentimental.”

The tune is the traditional English melody called “Greensleeves”—the tune for which this text was probably written. The tune is mentioned in Shakespeare’s play “Merry Wives of Windsor” dating back as far as 1642. Many, many songs have been written since then using this tune.[1]

Biblical Connection

Stanza one has the most direct connection to the biblical account of the birth of Christ. It condenses the theme of Luke 2:8-16, particularly verse 12, “ . . . you will find a baby wrapped in cloths and lying in a manger.” The second stanza alludes to the manger by describing it as a “mean estate.” Stanza three speaks of the visit of the magi who brought gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Not only were Kings from the East welcome before the Christ child; so were men of lowly estate—shepherds.

Not lost in this carol is also the connection between Christ’s birth and his reason for coming to earth, “Nails, spear shall pierce him through, the cross be borne for me, for you.”

The Carol

What Child is This?

What child is this, who, laid to rest
On Mary’s lap is sleeping?
Whom angels greet with anthems sweet
While shepherds watch are keeping?

This, this is Christ the King
Whom shepherds guard and angels sing
Haste, haste to bring him laud
The babe, the son of Mary.

Why lies he in such mean estate

Where ox and ass are feeding

Good Christians, fear, for sinners here

The silent Word is pleading.

Nails, spear shall pierce him through,

The cross be born for me, for you.

Hail, hail the Word made flesh,

The babe, the son of Mary.

So bring him incense, gold, and myrrh
Come, peasant, king, to own him
The King of kings salvation brings
Let loving hearts enthrone him

Raise, raise the song on high

The virgin sings her lullaby

Joy, joy for Christ is born The babe, the son of Mary.

Summary

The shepherds were in awe of this “child!” The three wise men were in awe of this “child!” All those who heard the news on the night of his birth were in awe of this “child!” As the world looks at Jesus today, it is still asking, “What child is this?” My prayer this Advent is that you know the answer to that question.


[1] https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-What-Child-is-this

Christmas Carol History–12 Carols of Advent

Carol #9: The First Noel

The words of this carol, a traditional English carol, having its roots in the 15th century, are not attributed to any particular author which is not unlike many Christmas carols. Although carols are found throughout the world, their origin is largely European.

This carol originally had 9 stanzas. Historically carols would have been sung outside the Catholic Mass in non-liturgical gatherings and spread through oral tradition.[1]

The music for The First Noel was published in W. Sandy’s Christmas Carols (1833) and (today’s customary harmonization) is attributed to John Stainer (1840-1901).

Biblical Connection

This carol takes its theme from both New Testament accounts of the birth of Christ, Matthew 2:1-12 and Luke 2:1-20.  While the angels’ appearance is the subject of the first stanza most of the carol focuses on the three magi, giving it more of an Epiphany focus (Matthew 2:9-11).

In stanza 2 it talks about them seeing the star in the sky. In stanza 3, being led by that star to Bethlehem, and in stanza 4 & 5, coming to the place “where He lay” and bowing down to worship Him. The carol closes, inviting us all then to bow down and worship Him who came as a baby, and who “with his blood our life hath bought.”

The Carol

The First Noel

The First Noel the Angels did say
Was to certain poor shepherds in fields as they lay
In fields where they lay keeping their sheep
On a cold winter’s night that was so deep.

Chorus:
Noel Noel Noel Noel
Born is the King of Israel!


They looked up and saw a star
Shining in the East beyond them far
And to the earth it gave great light
And so it continued both day and night.


And by the light of that same star
Three Wise men came from country far
To seek for a King was their intent
And to follow the star wherever it went.


This star drew nigh to the northwest
O’er Bethlehem it took it’s rest
And there it did both Pause and stay
Right o’er the place where Jesus lay.

Then entered in those wise men three

Full reverently upon their knee

And offered there in his presence

Their gold, and myrrh, and frankincense.
Then let us all with one accord
Sing praises to our heavenly Lord
That hath made Heaven and earth of nought
And with his blood mankind hath bought.

Summary

On the night Christ was born (whenever it was), that day we now recognize as the first Christmas. God incarnate. The God of Heaven come down in human form.

Tradition says that it was as long as two years later that the Magi actually caught up with Jesus, not on the night he was born. Again, really, when it actually happened isn’t as important as that it did happen. The message and meaning are still the same. On the First Noel, the beautiful Star of Bethlehem shone for all to see. Now, more than 2,000 years later, it is my prayer that you too will be guided to see the baby born in Bethlehem who came to give of himself to redeem us as God’s children.

[1] https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-what-child-is-this

Christmas Carol History #8, We Three Kings

Carol #8: We Three Kings

The words and music for this carol were written by John H. Hopkins, Jr. (1820-1891). The tune of the carol is called, “Kings of Orient.” It is believed he wrote the carol around the age of 37. Hopkins was a professionally trained theologian and musician, being the founding editor of the Church Journal. He was also the first church music instructor at General Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania.[1] There is an old Spanish legend that these kings go to the Holy Land every year, and on their way visit children, leaving toys for the good ones.

Biblical Connection

This carol is based on the biblical account of the magi (wise men, kings) coming to meet the baby king and to bring gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh (Matthew 2:1-12),

“After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east came to Jerusalem” (vs. 1). Note that stanzas 2-4 are meant as narratives from each of the three wise men (magi) describing the gift they brought to the baby King. Many arrangements will even give the traditional names of each wisemen (Gaspar, Melchior, and Balthazar) before each stanza for solo parts.

The Carol

We Three Kings

We three kings of Orient are
Bearing gifts we traverse afar
Field and fountain
Moor and mountain
Following yonder star.

Chorus:

O star of wonder, star of night
Star with royal beauty bright
Westward leading, still proceeding
Guide us to thy perfect light

Born a King on Bethlehem’s plain

Gold I bring to crown Him again

King forever, ceasing never

Over us all to reign.

Frankincense to offer have I

Incense owns a Deity nigh

Prayer and praising, all men raising

Worship Him, God most high.

Myrrh is mine, It’s bitter perfume

Breathes a life of gathering gloom

Sorrowing, sighing, bleeding, dying

Sealed in the stone-cold tomb.

Glorious now behold Him arise
King and God and Sacrifice!
Alleluia, alleluia
Heaven to earth replies.

Summary

This carol is traditionally associated with “Twelfth Night”, the night the three magi were led to the manger in Bethlehem. In Matthew 2:11 it says, “On coming to the house, they saw the child with his mother Mary, and they bowed down and worshiped him.” While kings bowed down to worship him, the Bible says one day, “every knee should bow . . . and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord” (Philippians 2:10-11). May this Christmas find you kneeling before the King of kings!


[1] https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-we-three-kings

Christmas Carol History, Number 7, Joy to the World

Carol 7: Joy to the World

This carol as we know it today is the culmination of the work of three well known musicians of their day. Isaac Watts wrote the Psalm-inspired text. Unlike many of the carols that get their inspiration from the account of Christ’s birth in Luke 2, Watts inspiration for this hymn was Psalm 98, partly because Watts didn’t initially intend for this hymn to be for Christmas. In fact, Watts’ first title for his text was, “The Messiah’s Coming and Kingdom.”  Watts said of this text, “I have fully exprest what I esteem to be the first and chief Sense of the Holy Scriptures . . .”[1]

The second collaborator, although unknowingly to Handel, was a portion of a tune by G. F. Handel (1685-1759). An unknown person pieced together portions of Handel’s Messiah to complete the hymn. Lowell Mason (1792-1872), an American composer, then took that melody to create his own arrangement of Handel’s melodic fragments and called the tune, “Antioch”–the melody we now sing.

Biblical Connection

“Make a joyful noise unto the Lord, all the earth: make a loud noise, and rejoice, and sing praise. Sing unto the Lord with the harp; with the harp, and the voice of a psalm. With trumpets and sound of cornet make a joyful noise before the Lord, the King. Let the sea roar, and the fullness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein. Let the floods clap their hands: let the hills be joyful together. Before the Lord; for he cometh to judge the earth: with righteousness shall he judge the world, and the people with equity” (Ps. 98 4-9, KJV).

“Joy” is the watchword of Advent. It’s all about the joy that the earth received when the baby Jesus was born; bringing hope of salvation to all people, great and small. The title “Joy to the World” is a paraphrase of these verses found in the second half of Ps. 98.

The Carol

Joy to the World!

Joy to the world, the Lord is come
Let Earth receive her King
Let every heart prepare Him room
And Heaven and nature sing
And Heaven and nature sing
And Heaven, and Heaven, and nature sing

Joy to the Earth, the Savior reigns
Let all their songs employ
While fields and floods, rocks, hills and plains
Repeat the sounding joy
Repeat the sounding joy
Repeat, repeat, the sounding joy

No more let sins, and sorrows grow

Nor thorns infest the ground

He comes to make His blessings flow

Far as the curse is found

Far as the curse is found

Far as, far as the curse is found.

He rules the world with truth and grace
And makes the nations prove
The glories of His righteousness
And wonders of His love
And wonders of His love
And wonders, wonders, of His love.

Summary

So, we have two child prodigies, Isaac Watts, and George Frederik Handel, and an accomplished American composer to thank for this beloved Christmas carol that is sung with great joy, thousands of times over, every Advent season. May the knowledge of Christ’s coming fill you with great joy. A line in the carol says, “Let earth receive her King.” My prayer this Advent season is that “you” will receive the King of kings into your life and celebrate with JOY!


[1] https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-joy-to-the-world

Christmas Carol History, Number 6, Hark the Herald Angels Sing

Carol 6: Hark the Herald Angels Sing

This carol is one of the thousands of hymns written by Charles Wesley (1707-1788); considered to be one of four most popular hymns in the English language. The tune was written by none other than the great composer, Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)—also the name of the tune, “Mendelssohn”. The original text consisted of ten four-line stanzas. [1]

Biblical Connection

But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall He come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel, whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting (Micah 5:2)

And suddenly there was with the Angel, a multitude of the Heavenly host praising God, and saying, Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men (Luke 2:13-14).

Like so many of Wesley’s hymns, this is a condensed course in biblical doctrine in poetic form. It tells of the angels’ visit to the shepherds, the virgin birth, Christ’s deity, and a concern for Christ-like living.

The Carol

Hark the Herald Angels Sing

Hark the herald angels sing, “Glory to the new-born King

Peace on earth and mercy mild, God and sinners reconciled

Joyful, all ye nations rise, join the triumph of the skies

With th’angelic hosts proclaim, “Christ is born in Bethlehem.”

Chorus:

Hark the herald angels sing, Glory to the new-born King!

Christ, by highest heav’n adored, Christ, the everlasting Lord

Late in time behold Him come, Offspring of a virgin’s womb

Veiled in flesh the God-head see, hail th’incarnate Deity

Pleased as man with men to dwell, Jesus, our Emmanuel.

Hail the Heav’n-born Prince of Peace! Hail the Son of Righteousness

Light and life to all He brings, ris’n with healing in His wings

Mild He lays His glory by, born that man no more may die

Born to raise the sons of earth, born to give them second birth.

Come, Desire of Nations, come! Fix in us Thy humble home

Rise, the woman’s conq’ring seed, bruise in us the serpent’s head

Adam’s likeness now efface, stamp Thine image in its place

Second Adam from above, reinstate us in Thy love.

Summary

Charles Wesley always sought to teach everyone about biblical truths when he wrote a hymn. This classic Christmas carol is no different. Songs have always been an easy way for God’s people to memorize Scripture and to learn the Christian doctrine. I trust you will review the “lessons” in this carol and that they will lead you for the first time, or once again, to the Christ of Christmas.


[1] Osbeck, K.W. (1985). 101 More Hymn Stories. Kregel Publications.

Christmas Carol History #5. O Come, All Ye Faithful

Carol 5: O Come, All Ye Faithful

During this Advent season, we are all called to worship Jesus, who came to earth as a baby, born in a lowly stable. The author of this carol is in question but is ascribed to John F. Wade (1711-1786) by many but is also believed to be the work of many people.[1] Originally written in Latin (c.1743-1761) the English version was translated by Rev. Frederick Oakeley (1802-1880), an Anglican minister who later converted to Catholicism. His version of the hymn first appeared in F.H. Murray’s Hymnal for Use in the English Church (1852). So, we’re singing the 19th century version of an 18th century hymn.[2] The tune, called “Adeste Fideles” is based on Wade’s Cantus Diversi.

Biblical Connection

Throughout the Bible, we are admonished to know Jesus in an intimate way through the eyes of his many disciples. Two verses directly speak of those who specifically followed the invitation to look upon the baby, born in a stable, and yet, a King.

And it came to pass, as the angels were gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said one to another, ‘Let us now go even unto Bethlehem, and see this thing, which is come to pass, which the Lord has made known unto us’ (Luke 2:15).

And when [the three wise men] were come into the house, they saw the young child with Mary his mother, and fell down, and worshipped him: and when they had opened their treasures, they presented unto him gifts; gold, and frankincense, and myrrh (Matthew 2:11).

The Carol

O Come, All Ye Faithful

O Come, all ye faithful, joyful and triumphant

O come ye, O come ye to Bethlehem

Come and behold him, born the King of angels.

Chorus:

O come, let us adore him, O come, let us adore him

O come, let us adore him, Christ the Lord

Sing choir of angels, sing in exultation

O sing all ye citizens of heaven above

Glory to God, all glory in the highest.

Yea, Lord, we greet thee, born this happy morning

Jesus, to thee be all glory given

Word of the Father, now in flesh appearing.

True God of true God, light from light eternal

Lo, he shuns not the virgin’s womb

Son of the Father, begotten, not created.

Summary

So, two Catholic Englishmen, living a century apart have left us with a great legacy in song; an invitation to come behold him, born the King of angels.

Again, the angels figure prominently in Wade’s carol, devoting the second stanza to their role of inviting us to come see this thing which the Lord has made known to us.

It is my prayer that Jesus will be made known to you in a fresh and living way this Advent season.


[1] Morgan, R.J. (2003). Then Sings My Soul. Nelson Publishing

[2] https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-o-come-all-ye-faithful-1

Christmas Carol History–12 Carols of Advent, Number 4

Carol 4: O Little Town of Bethlehem

It’s hard to pick favourites of Christmas Carols, but I know this is a favourite of so many of you, and me!

This amazing carol was written and composed by two very prominent men of the 19th century. Phillips Brooks (1835-1893) wrote the text and Lewis H. Redner (1831-1908) was the composer. Brooks was affectionately known as the “Prince of the Pulpit” because his sermons seemed to win the hearts of people in a way few clergy have ever done.[1]

Brooks wrote this hymn three years after returning from a trip to the Holy Land where he was able to attend the Church of the Nativity. It made an indelible impression on him. It was to be used as a new Christmas song for their Sunday School program at his church in Philadelphia. Redner, the composer of the tune, named “St. Louis,” was the Sunday School Superintendent and church organist at Brooks’ church. The tune came to him just the night before the Christmas concert was to take place. I can’t imagine the panic in trying to get people to learn it in one day.

Biblical Connection

“And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, unto the City of David, which is called Bethlehem” (Luke 2:4).

The song is called, “O Little Town of Bethlehem”, but in Luke’s time, he referred to Bethlehem as the “City of David” which would indicate something of its size, if not its importance.

In the third stanza of this carol, Brooks writes, “We hear the Christmas Angels, their great glad tidings tell.”  Again, in Luke’s account of the birth of Christ he writes,

“And suddenly there was with the Angel, a multitude of the Heavenly host praising God” (Luke 2: 13).

Just try to imagine what that must have sounded like, hearing a multitude of the Heavenly host proclaiming the birth of the Saviour of the world.

The Carol

O Little Town of Bethlehem

O little town of Bethlehem, how still we see thee lie
Above thy deep and dreamless sleep the silent stars go by
Yet in thy dark streets shineth, the everlasting light
The hopes and fears of all the years are met in thee tonight.


For Christ is born of Mary and gathered all above
While mortals sleep the angels keep their watch of wond’ring love
O morning stars together, proclaim thy holy birth.
And praises sing to God the king, and peace to men on earth.

How silently, how silently the wondrous gift is giv’n

So God imparts to human hearts the blessings of His Heav’n

No ear may hear his coming, but in this world of sin

Where meek souls will receive Him still, the dear Christ enters in.


O holy child of Bethlehem, descend to us, we pray.

Cast out our sin and enter in. Be born in us today.

We hear the Christmas Angels, their great glad tidings tell

O come to us, abide with us, our Lord, Emmanuel!

Summary

Two places directly related to Christ, figure prominently in His story, partly because of what some referred to as insignificant.  O “little town” of Bethlehem for his birth, and then Nazareth, where he grew up.  The Bible says that some of Jesus’ disciples almost didn’t bother to follow him because they found out He was originally from Nazareth, and their response to that knowledge was, “can anything good come out of Nazareth” (John 1:46)?

Rev. Brooks, born in Boston Massachusetts, died suddenly at the age of 48 leaving many shocked and broken hearted. He was so well known in that state and today we remember him through this much-loved Christmas carol, “O Little Town of Bethlehem.”  There’s nothing insignificant about that.


[1] Osbeck, K. (1982). 101 Hymn Stories. Kregel Publications.